And what was the highlight of your honeymoon?
The story of James Prescott Joule’s honeymoon in Europe must prove something, but I have not been able to discover any useful lesson. English eccentricity has always been regarded with quiet amusement in most parts of continental Europe.
What would you do if you saw a well dressed gentleman and his new bride, in her fashionable best, scrambling over rocks to measure the water temperature at the top and bottom of every waterfall they passed on their walks?

James Joule attempted to use electric motors in his brewery.
This attempt was a failure, as costly wet (zinc/copper) cells were used.
In the course of his investigations into electricity, Joule discovered:
E µ
He is most famous for his proof of the relationship between heat and mechanical energy, using apparatus like that shown in this illustration from Duncan and Starling, Textbook of Physics, Macmillan & Co, London, 1929.
In the accompanying text, Joule is referred to as Dr Joule of Manchester.

We should not forget that he is the JOULE of the Joule-Thomson effect.

Although J.P. Joule is remembered as a scientist, he was better known to his contemporaries as a brewery owner.


For the love of a woman
When Alfred Bird married Elizabeth Ragg he received a challenge which influenced his career.
His wife could not eat eggs or yeast products.

Bird, a chemist, loved his wife and discovered that a powder, based on cornflour, when heated with milk, produced a material similar to the popular egg custards of the time.
Mrs Bird was overjoyed. She could have custard on her favourite fruit pies. When this custard was served as part of a dessert at a dinner party, the guests complimented the cook on the fine texture and flavour.
Bird set up a factory to manufacture "Bird's Custard Powder", one of the earliest convenience foods.

Bird went on to invent baking powder. It enabled his wife to enjoy cakes, buns and "bread" without yeast.
Bird's Baking Powder was used during the Crimean war so that the British troops had fresh palatable bread.


Bird was a fellow of the Chemical Society and soon after his death in 1878, a brief orbituary was published.
It described Bird's interest in physics and meteorology:
"He constructed a beautiful set of harmonized glass bowls extending over 4 octaves which he used to play with much skill"; and "in 1859 he constructed a water barometer with which he was fond of observing and showing to others the minute oscullations of the atmospheric pressure". Of Bird's Custard powder - not a word!